African Milk Tree

The African Milk Tree, scientifically known as Euphorbia trigona, is a striking succulent plant often mistaken for a cactus. It is native to Central Africa, specifically in regions like Gabon and Malawi, where it grows in seasonally dry tropical forests. It is a very popular houseplant due to its unique architectural form and relatively easy care.

Key Characteristics

• Appearance: The plant has upright, columnar stems that are typically three-sided, giving rise to its specific epithet “trigona.” The stems are a deep green with lighter V-shaped patterns along the ridges. Along these ridges are small, paired thorns and teardrop-shaped leaves that can be green or, in the popular cultivar ‘Royal Red,’ a reddish-purple color.
• Growth Habit: African Milk Trees are fast-growing and can reach impressive heights of 6 to 8 feet indoors, and even taller in their native habitat. The plant branches out from a central stem, creating a tree-like silhouette.
• Flowers: While the plant can produce small, inconspicuous flowers, they are rarely seen in cultivation, and the plant is known for its foliage and form rather than its blooms.

Important Warning: The Milky Sap

Like all plants in the genus Euphorbia, the African Milk Tree contains a milky white, latex-like sap. This sap is toxic and can cause severe skin and eye irritation.

• Skin Contact: Can lead to a rash or blistering.
• Eye Contact: A medical emergency that can cause severe pain, burning, and even temporary blindness.
• Ingestion: Can cause irritation of the mouth, throat, and stomach.

It is crucial to wear gloves and eye protection when handling or pruning this plant, especially if you have sensitive skin. It should be kept out of reach of pets and children.

Care and Growing Conditions

• Light: African Milk Trees thrive in bright, indirect light to full sun. They can tolerate some partial shade but may become leggy. If moving from a darker spot to a sunny one, acclimate the plant gradually to prevent scorching.
• Soil: Use a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix. Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot, as the plant is adapted to arid environments.
• Watering: Water thoroughly but allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is the most common cause of problems for this plant. Reduce watering significantly in the winter when the plant’s growth slows.
• Temperature and Humidity: This plant prefers warm temperatures, ideally between 65-75°F (18-24°C). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from cold drafts. It does well in average indoor humidity.
• Pruning: As the plant grows taller, its root system can become shallow, making it top-heavy and prone to falling over. Pruning can help maintain a manageable size and encourage a bushier habit. Cuttings can be rooted to create new plants after the cut end has been allowed to callus for a few days.