San Marino

San Marino is a tiny, independent republic located in the Apennine Mountains, surrounded by Italy. It is the world’s oldest surviving republic and the smallest country in the world, both by area and population. Here are some interesting facts about San Marino:

Geography and Climate

• San Marino is situated in the Apennine Mountains, on a plateau about 550 meters (1,800 feet) above sea level.
• The country has a total area of approximately 61 square kilometers (24 square miles).
• San Marino is completely surrounded by Italy, with a border of 37 kilometers (23 miles).
• The climate is Mediterranean, with mild winters and warm summers.

History

• San Marino was founded in 301 AD by Saint Marinus, a Christian stonemason who fled to the mountains to escape persecution.
• San Marino declared its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 886 AD and has remained an independent state ever since.
• During World War II, San Marino was occupied by German forces and had to declare war on Germany to protect its neutrality.

Government and Politics

• San Marino is a parliamentary republic with two capitals: San Marino City and Dogana.
• The government is headed by a Captains Regent (Capitani Reggenti), two individuals who are elected for a six-month term.
• San Marino has a unicameral parliament called the Grand and General Council, composed of 60 members elected by proportional representation.

Economy

• San Marino has a highly developed economy, with a GDP per capita of over $65,000.
• The country is known for its banking sector, tourism, and production of ceramics and textiles.
• San Marino has no military forces and relies on Italy for defense.

Culture and Tourism

• San Marino is famous for its stunning medieval architecture, including the three towers of Guaita, Cesta, and Montale.
• The country has a rich cultural heritage, with many festivals and events throughout the year, such as the Festa di Santa Marinella in September.
• Visitors can enjoy hiking, skiing, and other outdoor activities in the surrounding mountains.

Fun Facts

• San Marino is home to the world’s oldest bank, Monte dei Paschi di Siena (established in 1472).
• The country has no airport or railway station; visitors typically arrive by car or bus from Italy.
• San Marino has a unique postal system that uses Italian stamps but issues its own currency.

I hope you enjoyed this brief introduction to San Marino!